|
Systolic
Ejection sounds occur shortly after the first heart sound, at the time
of ventricular ejection. Normally, the opening of the aortic or pulmonic
valves and the onset of ventricular ejection is not audible. In certain
cardiac conditions extra sounds are heard shortly after the first heart
sound, S1. They are produced by the opening of the aortic or
pulmonic valves, either when one of these valves is diseased (valvular) or
when ejection is rapid through a normal valve (vascular).
Aortic
ejection sounds of valvular origin are heard in patients with coarctation
of the aorta usually associated with congenital bicuspid aortic valve,
valvular aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency, or aneurysm of the
ascending aorta. Valvular ejection sounds may be heard in clinical
conditions associaated with forceful left ventricular ejection, such as
thyrotoxicosis, anemia, pregnancy, exercise, high cardiac output states. Pulmonic ejection sounds are associated with dilatation of the main pulmonary artery, including pulmonary hypertension and valvular pulmonary stenosis. Pulmonary ES is best heart at pulmonic area and decreases coincident with inspiration. |